In reply to @kapendev "C++ can be crazy,": My experiences with C++ align closer with the video's creator, so I'm a lot more critical of its shortfalls. Also, I should probably revise my "data orientation" and "systems orientation" terms to "value orientation" and "reference orientation" because those speak volumes. Languages oriented around values are going to go to great lengths to make memory semantics automatic and invisible, while languages oriented around references are going to make memory semantics explicit and manual. I'm just spitballing though, this is just definition-shuffling nonsense from someone used to higher-level programming...